See 사회 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "social welfare",
"roman": "sahoebokji",
"translation": "social welfare",
"word": "사회복지(社會福祉)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sahoe'undong",
"word": "사회운동(社會運動)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "socialism",
"roman": "sahoejuui",
"translation": "socialism",
"word": "사회주의(社會主義)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "sociology",
"roman": "sahoehak",
"translation": "sociology",
"word": "사회학(社會學)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "society"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "社會"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "社",
"2": "god of earth",
"3": "會",
"4": "gathering"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 社會, from 社 (“god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "社会",
"2": "しゃかい",
"t": "society"
},
"expansion": "社会(しゃかい) (shakai, “society”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "사훼"
},
"expansion": "Jeju 사훼 (sahwe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 社會, from 社 (“god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 社会(しゃかい) (shakai, “society”). Cognate with Jeju 사훼 (sahwe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sahoe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "社會",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "社會"
},
"expansion": "사회 • (sahoe) (hanja 社會)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 28 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"society"
],
"id": "en-사회-ko-noun-D16uIWl6",
"links": [
[
"society",
"society"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 61 10 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 48 13 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 64 15 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 79 9 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 28 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a class, a world of a certain group"
],
"id": "en-사회-ko-noun-wkMuoonB",
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "ko:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 28 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"social studies"
],
"id": "en-사회-ko-noun-4PFHjzUZ",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"social studies",
"social studies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) social studies"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠βwe̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠ɦø̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "사훼"
},
{
"hangeul": "사회"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to moderate or preside over",
"roman": "sahoehada",
"translation": "to moderate or preside over",
"word": "사회(司會)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "moderator",
"roman": "sahoeja",
"translation": "moderator",
"word": "사회자(司會者)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "moderation"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "司會"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "司",
"2": "control",
"3": "會",
"4": "gathering"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 司 (“control”) + 會 (“gathering”)",
"name": "ko-etym-Sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "ᄉᆞ훼"
},
"expansion": "Jeju ᄉᆞ훼 (sawhwe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 司 (“control”) + 會 (“gathering”). Cognate with Jeju ᄉᆞ훼 (sawhwe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sahoe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "司會",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "司會"
},
"expansion": "사회 • (sahoe) (hanja 司會)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 28 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
15
]
],
"english": "to preside over a meeting or ceremony",
"roman": "sahoe-reul boda",
"text": "사회를 보다",
"translation": "to preside over a meeting or ceremony",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moderation of a meeting or ceremony"
],
"id": "en-사회-ko-noun-qoqjllvX",
"links": [
[
"moderation",
"moderation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 19 22 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 28 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moderator"
],
"id": "en-사회-ko-noun-z94spRiK",
"links": [
[
"moderator",
"moderator"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "司會者",
"word": "사회자"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠βwe̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠ɦø̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "사훼"
},
{
"hangeul": "사회"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "sawi",
"word": "사위"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "sawi",
"word": "사위"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "사회〮",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sàhwóy",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "noun",
"head": "사회〮",
"tr": "sàhwóy"
},
"expansion": "사회〮 (sàhwóy)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"son-in-law"
],
"id": "en-사회-okm-noun-djyWvFSS",
"links": [
[
"son-in-law",
"son-in-law"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sà.hój/"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Korean terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Korean terms derived from Japanese",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "social welfare",
"roman": "sahoebokji",
"translation": "social welfare",
"word": "사회복지(社會福祉)"
},
{
"roman": "sahoe'undong",
"word": "사회운동(社會運動)"
},
{
"english": "socialism",
"roman": "sahoejuui",
"translation": "socialism",
"word": "사회주의(社會主義)"
},
{
"english": "sociology",
"roman": "sahoehak",
"translation": "sociology",
"word": "사회학(社會學)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "society"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "社會"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "社",
"2": "god of earth",
"3": "會",
"4": "gathering"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 社會, from 社 (“god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "社会",
"2": "しゃかい",
"t": "society"
},
"expansion": "社会(しゃかい) (shakai, “society”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "사훼"
},
"expansion": "Jeju 사훼 (sahwe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 社會, from 社 (“god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 社会(しゃかい) (shakai, “society”). Cognate with Jeju 사훼 (sahwe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sahoe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "社會",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "社會"
},
"expansion": "사회 • (sahoe) (hanja 社會)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"society"
],
"links": [
[
"society",
"society"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a class, a world of a certain group"
],
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ko:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"social studies"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"social studies",
"social studies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) social studies"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠βwe̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠ɦø̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "사훼"
},
{
"hangeul": "사회"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to moderate or preside over",
"roman": "sahoehada",
"translation": "to moderate or preside over",
"word": "사회(司會)하다"
},
{
"english": "moderator",
"roman": "sahoeja",
"translation": "moderator",
"word": "사회자(司會者)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "moderation"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "司會"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "司",
"2": "control",
"3": "會",
"4": "gathering"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 司 (“control”) + 會 (“gathering”)",
"name": "ko-etym-Sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "ᄉᆞ훼"
},
"expansion": "Jeju ᄉᆞ훼 (sawhwe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 司 (“control”) + 會 (“gathering”). Cognate with Jeju ᄉᆞ훼 (sawhwe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sahoe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "司會",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "司會"
},
"expansion": "사회 • (sahoe) (hanja 司會)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
15
]
],
"english": "to preside over a meeting or ceremony",
"roman": "sahoe-reul boda",
"text": "사회를 보다",
"translation": "to preside over a meeting or ceremony",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moderation of a meeting or ceremony"
],
"links": [
[
"moderation",
"moderation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"moderator"
],
"links": [
[
"moderator",
"moderator"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "司會者",
"word": "사회자"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠βwe̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʰa̠ɦø̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "사훼"
},
{
"hangeul": "사회"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "sawi",
"word": "사위"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "sawi",
"word": "사위"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "사회〮",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sàhwóy",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "noun",
"head": "사회〮",
"tr": "sàhwóy"
},
"expansion": "사회〮 (sàhwóy)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Korean",
"lang_code": "okm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Korean lemmas",
"Middle Korean nouns",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"son-in-law"
],
"links": [
[
"son-in-law",
"son-in-law"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sà.hój/"
}
],
"word": "사회"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 사회 meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"사회",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "",
"title": "사회",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 662844360<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 13:01:55 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"사회",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "",
"title": "사회",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 663497792<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 13:02:50 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"사회",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "",
"title": "사회",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 616145442<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 13:03:46 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"사회",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "",
"title": "사회",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 677022267<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 13:04:41 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (602557e and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.